2. PASSIVE VOICE :--
* The passive voice is less usual.
* In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the
verb.
* The object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb:
* Passive == subject +
verb + object
passive == Fish + is eaten + by cat.
passive == Fish + is eaten + by cat.
passive == Ritesh + is pushed + by Sohan.
In
passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the
sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of
the sentence.
* We can use the passive form if we think that the thing receiving the action
is more important or should be emphasized.
* We can also use the passive form if we do not know who is doing the action or
if we do not want to mention who is doing the action.
[ receiving thing ] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]
Examples:
* The milk + is +
drunk + by
+ Ram.
* Monu +
is + pushed
+ by + Sonu.
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Construction of the Passive Voice:
The structure of the passive voice is very simple:
subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past
participle)
* The main verb is always in its past participle form.
Look at these examples:
* subject + auxiliary verb (to be) + main
verb (past participle)
Water + is + drunk + by everyone.
Water + is + drunk + by everyone.
200 people +
are +
employed +
by this company.
I
+
was +
paid + in euro.
We
+
are +
not
paid + in
dollars.
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Use of the Passive Voice
We use the passive when:
* we want to make the active object more important
* we do not know the active subject
* we give importance to active object (President Kennedy).
* President Kennedy was killed by Lee Harvey Oswald.
* we give importance to active subject unknown.
* My wallet has been stolen. (?)
**
Note:
We always use by to introduce the passive object (Fish are eaten by
cats).
Look at this sentence:
* He was killed with a gun.
Normally we use by to introduce the passive object. But the gun is not the
active subject. The gun did not kill him. He was killed by somebody with a gun.
In the active voice, it would be:
* Somebody killed him with a gun.
The gun is the instrument.
Somebody is the "agent" or "doer".
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Conjugation for the Passive Voice:
We can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form and the auxiliary verb is always be.
* The boy was bitten by a dog.
* He is loved by all.
Here are some examples with most of the possible tenses :
* infinitive
to be washed
* simple
present It is washed.
*
past
It was washed.
*
future
It will be washed.
*
conditional
It would be washed.
* continuous
present
It is being washed.
*
past
It was being washed.
* future
It will be being washed.
*
conditional
It would be being
washed.
* perfect simple
present It has been washed.
*
past
It had been washed.
*
future
It will have been washed.
*
conditional
It would have been washed.
* perfect continuous present It has been being washed.
*
past
It had been being washed.
*
future
It will have been being washed.
*
conditional
It would have been being washed.
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